@article {2616,
	title = {The validation of a computer-adaptive test (CAT) for assessing health-related quality of life in children and adolescents in a clinical sample: study design, methods and first results of the Kids-CAT study},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {26},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1105{\textendash}1117},
	abstract = {Recently, we developed a computer-adaptive test (CAT) for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents: the Kids-CAT. It measures five generic HRQoL dimensions. The aims of this article were (1) to present the study design and (2) to investigate its psychometric properties in a clinical setting.},
	issn = {1573-2649},
	doi = {10.1007/s11136-016-1437-9},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1437-9},
	author = {Barthel, D. and Otto, C. and Nolte, S. and Meyrose, A.-K. and Fischer, F. and Devine, J. and Walter, O. and Mierke, A. and Fischer, K. I. and Thyen, U. and Klein, M. and Ankermann, T. and Rose, M. and Ravens-Sieberer, U.}
}
@article {131,
	title = {Evaluation of a computer-adaptive test for the assessment of depression (D-CAT) in clinical application},
	journal = {International Journal for Methods in Psychiatric Research},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Journal articleInternational journal of methods in psychiatric researchInt J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2009 Feb 4.},
	month = {Feb 4},
	pages = {233-236},
	edition = {2009/02/06},
	abstract = {In the past, a German Computerized Adaptive Test, based on Item Response Theory (IRT), was developed for purposes of assessing the construct depression [Computer-adaptive test for depression (D-CAT)]. This study aims at testing the feasibility and validity of the real computer-adaptive application.The D-CAT, supplied by a bank of 64 items, was administered on personal digital assistants (PDAs) to 423 consecutive patients suffering from psychosomatic and other medical conditions (78 with depression). Items were adaptively administered until a predetermined reliability (r >/= 0.90) was attained. For validation purposes, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered. Another sample of 114 patients was evaluated using standardized diagnostic interviews [Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)].The D-CAT was quickly completed (mean 74 seconds), well accepted by the patients and reliable after an average administration of only six items. In 95\% of the cases, 10 items or less were needed for a reliable score estimate. Correlations between the D-CAT and the HADS, CES-D, and BDI ranged between r = 0.68 and r = 0.77. The D-CAT distinguished between diagnostic groups as well as established questionnaires do.The D-CAT proved an efficient, well accepted and reliable tool. Discriminative power was comparable to other depression measures, whereby the CAT is shorter and more precise. Item usage raises questions of balancing the item selection for content in the future. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	isbn = {1049-8931 (Print)},
	author = {Fliege, H. and Becker, J. and Walter, O. B. and Rose, M. and Bjorner, J. B. and Klapp, B. F.}
}
@article {227,
	title = {An evaluation of patient-reported outcomes found computerized adaptive testing was efficient in assessing stress perception},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
	volume = {62},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Kocalevent, Ruya-DanielaRose, MatthiasBecker, JanineWalter, Otto BFliege, HerbertBjorner, Jakob BKleiber, DieterKlapp, Burghard FEvaluation StudiesUnited StatesJournal of clinical epidemiologyJ Clin Epidemiol. 2009 Mar;62(3):278-87, 287.e1-3. Epub 2008 Jul 18.},
	pages = {278-287},
	edition = {2008/07/22},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a first computerized adaptive test (CAT) for the measurement of stress perception (Stress-CAT), in terms of the two dimensions: exposure to stress and stress reaction. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Item response theory modeling was performed using a two-parameter model (Generalized Partial Credit Model). The evaluation of the Stress-CAT comprised a simulation study and real clinical application. A total of 1,092 psychosomatic patients (N1) were studied. Two hundred simulees (N2) were generated for a simulated response data set. Then the Stress-CAT was given to n=116 inpatients, (N3) together with established stress questionnaires as validity criteria. RESULTS: The final banks included n=38 stress exposure items and n=31 stress reaction items. In the first simulation study, CAT scores could be estimated with a high measurement precision (SE<0.32; rho>0.90) using 7.0+/-2.3 (M+/-SD) stress reaction items and 11.6+/-1.7 stress exposure items. The second simulation study reanalyzed real patients data (N1) and showed an average use of items of 5.6+/-2.1 for the dimension stress reaction and 10.0+/-4.9 for the dimension stress exposure. Convergent validity showed significantly high correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The Stress-CAT is short and precise, potentially lowering the response burden of patients in clinical decision making.},
	keywords = {*Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Quality of Health Care/*standards, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Sickness Impact Profile, Stress, Psychological/*diagnosis/psychology, Treatment Outcome},
	isbn = {1878-5921 (Electronic)0895-4356 (Linking)},
	author = {Kocalevent, R. D. and Rose, M. and Becker, J. and Walter, O. B. and Fliege, H. and Bjorner, J. B. and Kleiber, D. and Klapp, B. F.}
}
@article {342,
	title = {Logistics of collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical practice: an overview and practical examples},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Rose, MatthiasBezjak, AndreaNetherlandsQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitationQual Life Res. 2009 Feb;18(1):125-36. Epub 2009 Jan 20.},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {125-36},
	edition = {2009/01/20},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Interest in collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL), health status reports, and patient satisfaction is on the rise and practical aspects of collecting PROs in clinical practice are becoming more important. The purpose of this paper is to draw the attention to a number of issues relevant for a successful integration of PRO measures into the daily work flow of busy clinical settings. METHODS: The paper summarizes the results from a breakout session held at an ISOQOL special topic conference for PRO measures in clinical practice in 2007. RESULTS: Different methodologies of collecting PROs are discussed, and the support needed for each methodology is highlighted. The discussion is illustrated by practical real-life examples from early adaptors who administered paper-pencil, or electronic PRO assessments (ePRO) for more than a decade. The paper also reports about new experiences with more recent technological developments, such as SmartPens and Computer Adaptive Tests (CATs) in daily practice. CONCLUSIONS: Methodological and logistical issues determine the resources needed for a successful integration of PRO measures into daily work flow procedures and influence significantly the usefulness of PRO data for clinical practice.},
	isbn = {0962-9343 (Print)},
	author = {Rose, M. and Bezjak, A.}
}
@article {143,
	title = {Progress in assessing physical function in arthritis: PROMIS short forms and computerized adaptive testing},
	journal = {Journal of Rheumatology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Fries, James FCella, DavidRose, MatthiasKrishnan, EswarBruce, BonnieU01 AR052158/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesU01 AR52177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United StatesConsensus Development ConferenceResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralCanadaThe Journal of rheumatologyJ Rheumatol. 2009 Sep;36(9):2061-6.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2061-2066},
	edition = {2009/09/10},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Assessing self-reported physical function/disability with the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) and other instruments has become central in arthritis research. Item response theory (IRT) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) techniques can increase reliability and statistical power. IRT-based instruments can improve measurement precision substantially over a wider range of disease severity. These modern methods were applied and the magnitude of improvement was estimated. METHODS: A 199-item physical function/disability item bank was developed by distilling 1865 items to 124, including Legacy Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Physical Function-10 items, and improving precision through qualitative and quantitative evaluation in over 21,000 subjects, which included about 1500 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Four new instruments, (A) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information (PROMIS) HAQ, which evolved from the original (Legacy) HAQ; (B) "best" PROMIS 10; (C) 20-item static (short) forms; and (D) simulated PROMIS CAT, which sequentially selected the most informative item, were compared with the HAQ. RESULTS: Online and mailed administration modes yielded similar item and domain scores. The HAQ and PROMIS HAQ 20-item scales yielded greater information content versus other scales in patients with more severe disease. The "best" PROMIS 20-item scale outperformed the other 20-item static forms over a broad range of 4 standard deviations. The 10-item simulated PROMIS CAT outperformed all other forms. CONCLUSION: Improved items and instruments yielded better information. The PROMIS HAQ is currently available and considered validated. The new PROMIS short forms, after validation, are likely to represent further improvement. CAT-based physical function/disability assessment offers superior performance over static forms of equal length.},
	keywords = {*Disability Evaluation, *Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Arthritis/diagnosis/*physiopathology, Health Surveys, Humans, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results},
	isbn = {0315-162X (Print)0315-162X (Linking)},
	author = {Fries, J.F. and Cella, D. and Rose, M. and Krishnan, E. and Bruce, B.}
}
@article {20,
	title = {Functioning and validity of a computerized adaptive test to measure anxiety (A CAT)},
	journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
	volume = {25},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {E182-E194},
	abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Computerized Adaptive Test to measure anxiety (A-CAT), a patient-reported outcome questionnaire that uses computerized adaptive testing to measure anxiety. Methods: The A-CAT builds on an item bank of 50 items that has been built using conventional item analyses and item response theory analyses. The A-CAT was administered on Personal Digital Assistants to n=357 patients diagnosed and treated at the department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit{\'e} Berlin, Germany. For validation purposes, two subgroups of patients (n=110 and 125) answered the A-CAT along with established anxiety and depression questionnaires. Results: The A-CAT was fast to complete (on average in 2 min, 38 s) and a precise item response theory based CAT score (reliability>.9) could be estimated after 4{\textendash}41 items. On average, the CAT displayed 6 items (SD=4.2). Convergent validity of the A-CAT was supported by correlations to existing tools (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-A, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Berliner Stimmungs-Fragebogen A/D, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory: r=.56{\textendash}.66); discriminant validity between diagnostic groups was higher for the A-CAT than for other anxiety measures. Conclusions: The German A-CAT is an efficient, reliable, and valid tool for assessing anxiety in patients suffering from anxiety disorders and other conditions with significant potential for initial assessment and long-term treatment monitoring. Future research directions are to explore content balancing of the item selection algorithm of the CAT, to norm the tool to a healthy sample, and to develop practical cutoff scores. Depression and Anxiety, 2008. {\textcopyright} 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
	isbn = {1520-6394},
	author = {Becker, J. and Fliege, H. and Kocalevent, R. D. and Bjorner, J. B. and Rose, M. and Walter, O. B. and Klapp, B. F.}
}
@article {782,
	title = {Development and evaluation of a computer adaptive test for {\textquotedblleft}Anxiety{\textquotedblright} (Anxiety-CAT)},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {143-155},
	author = {Walter, O. B. and Becker, J. and Bjorner, J. B. and Fliege, H. and Klapp, B. F. and Rose, M.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years},
	journal = {Medical Care},
	volume = {45},
	number = {5 Suppl 1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {S3-S11},
	abstract = {The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Roadmap initiative (www.nihpromis.org) is a 5-year cooperative group program of research designed to develop, validate, and standardize item banks to measure patient-reported outcomes (PROs) relevant across common medical conditions. In this article, we will summarize the organization and scientific activity of the PROMIS network during its first 2 years.},
	author = {Cella, D. and Yount, S. and Rothrock, N. and Gershon, R. C. and Cook, K. F. and Reeve, B. and Ader, D. and Fries, J.F. and Bruce, B. and Rose, M.}
}
@article {546,
	title = {Development of a computer-adaptive test for depression (D-CAT)},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2277{\textendash}2291},
	author = {Fliege, H. and Becker, J. and Walter, O. B. and Bjorner, J. B. and Klapp, B. F. and Rose, M.}
}
@article {2084,
	title = {Validating the German computerized adaptive test for anxiety on healthy sample (A-CAT)},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1515},
	author = {Becker, J. and Walter, O. B. and Fliege, H. and Bjorner, J. B. and Kocalevent, R. D. and Schmid, G. and Klapp, B. F. and Rose, M.}
}
