@article {2336,
	title = {A Comparison of Four Item-Selection Methods for Severely Constrained CATs},
	journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
	volume = {74},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {677-696},
	abstract = {<p>
	This study compared four item-selection procedures developed for use with severely constrained computerized adaptive tests (CATs). Severely constrained CATs refer to those adaptive tests that seek to meet a complex set of constraints that are often not conclusive to each other (i.e., an item may contribute to the satisfaction of several constraints at the same time). The procedures examined in the study included the weighted deviation model (WDM), the weighted penalty model (WPM), the maximum priority index (MPI), and the shadow test approach (STA). In addition, two modified versions of the MPI procedure were introduced to deal with an edge case condition that results in the item selection procedure becoming dysfunctional during a test. The results suggest that the STA worked best among all candidate methods in terms of measurement accuracy and constraint management. For the other three heuristic approaches, they did not differ significantly in measurement accuracy and constraint management at the lower bound level. However, the WPM method appears to perform considerably better in overall constraint management than either the WDM or MPI method. Limitations and future research directions were also discussed.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1177/0013164413517503},
	url = {http://epm.sagepub.com/content/74/4/677.abstract},
	author = {He, Wei and Diao, Qi and Hauser, Carl}
}
@article {2334,
	title = {Item Pool Design for an Operational Variable-Length Computerized Adaptive Test},
	journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
	volume = {74},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {473-494},
	abstract = {<p>
	For computerized adaptive tests (CATs) to work well, they must have an item pool with sufficient numbers of good quality items. Many researchers have pointed out that, in developing item pools for CATs, not only is the item pool size important but also the distribution of item parameters and practical considerations such as content distribution and item exposure issues. Yet, there is little research on how to design item pools to have those desirable features. The research reported in this article provided step-by-step hands-on guidance on the item pool design process by applying the bin-and-union method to design item pools for a large-scale licensure CAT employing complex adaptive testing algorithm with variable test length, a decision based on stopping rule, content balancing, and exposure control. The design process involved extensive simulations to identify several alternative item pool designs and evaluate their performance against a series of criteria. The design output included the desired item pool size and item parameter distribution. The results indicate that the mechanism used to identify the desirable item pool features functions well and that two recommended item pool designs would support satisfactory performance of the operational testing program.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1177/0013164413509629},
	url = {http://epm.sagepub.com/content/74/3/473.abstract},
	author = {He, Wei and Reckase, Mark D.}
}
