@article {13,
	title = {A comparative study of on line pretest item{\textemdash}Calibration/scaling methods in computerized adaptive testing},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {191-212},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate five on-line pretest item-calibration/scaling methods in computerized adaptive testing (CAT): marginal maximum likelihood estimate with one EM cycle (OEM), marginal maximum likelihood estimate with multiple EM cycles (MEM), Stocking{\textquoteright}s Method A, Stocking{\textquoteright}s Method B, and BILOG/Prior. The five methods were evaluated in terms ofitem-parameter recovery, using three different sample sizes (300, 1000 and 3000). The MEM method appeared to be the best choice among these, because it produced the smallest parameter-estimation errors for all sample size conditions. MEM and OEM are mathematically similar, although the OEM method produced larger errors. MEM also was preferable to OEM, unless the amount of timeinvolved in iterative computation is a concern. Stocking{\textquoteright}s Method B also worked very well, but it required anchor items that either would increase test lengths or require larger sample sizes depending on test administration design. Until more appropriate ways of handling sparse data are devised, the BILOG/Prior method may not be a reasonable choice for small sample sizes. Stocking{\textquoteright}s Method A hadthe largest weighted total error, as well as a theoretical weakness (i.e., treating estimated ability as true ability); thus, there appeared to be little reason to use it},
	author = {Ban, J. C. and Hanson, B. A. and Wang, T. and Yi, Q. and Harris, D. J.}
}
@conference {1279,
	title = {Comparison of the SPRT and CMT procedures in computerized adaptive testing},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association},
	year = {2001},
	address = {Seattle WA},
	author = {Yi, Q. and Hanson, B. and Widiatmo, H. and Harris, D. J.}
}
@conference {836,
	title = {Comparison of the a-stratified method, the Sympson-Hetter method, and the matched difficulty method in CAT administration},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society},
	year = {1999},
	note = {$\#$BA99-01},
	address = {Lawrence KS},
	author = {Ban, J and Wang, T. and Yi, Q.}
}
