@article {53,
	title = {Patient-reported outcomes measurement and management with innovative methodologies and technologies},
	journal = {Quality of Life Research},
	volume = {16 Suppl 1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Chang, Chih-HungR21CA113191/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United StatesResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralNetherlandsQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitationQual Life Res. 2007;16 Suppl 1:157-66. Epub 2007 May 26.},
	pages = {157-66},
	edition = {2007/05/29},
	abstract = {Successful integration of modern psychometrics and advanced informatics in patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measurement and management can potentially maximize the value of health outcomes research and optimize the delivery of quality patient care. Unlike the traditional labor-intensive paper-and-pencil data collection method, item response theory-based computerized adaptive testing methodologies coupled with novel technologies provide an integrated environment to collect, analyze and present ready-to-use PRO data for informed and shared decision-making. This article describes the needs, challenges and solutions for accurate, efficient and cost-effective PRO data acquisition and dissemination means in order to provide critical and timely PRO information necessary to actively support and enhance routine patient care in busy clinical settings.},
	keywords = {*Health Status, *Outcome Assessment (Health Care), *Quality of Life, *Software, Computer Systems/*trends, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Humans, Patient Satisfaction, Questionnaires, United States},
	isbn = {0962-9343 (Print)0962-9343 (Linking)},
	author = {Chang, C-H.}
}
@article {48,
	title = {Advances in quality of life measurements in oncology patients},
	journal = {Seminars in Oncology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3 Suppl 8},
	year = {2002},
	note = {0093-7754 (Print)Journal ArticleReview},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {60-8},
	abstract = {Accurate assessment of the quality of life (QOL) of patients can provide important clinical information to physicians, especially in the area of oncology. Changes in QOL are important indicators of the impact of a new cytotoxic therapy, can affect a patient{\textquoteright}s willingness to continue treatment, and may aid in defining response in the absence of quantifiable endpoints such as tumor regression. Because QOL is becoming an increasingly important aspect in the management of patients with malignant disease, it is vital that the instruments used to measure QOL are reliable and accurate. Assessment of QOL involves a multidimensional approach that includes physical, functional, social, and emotional well-being, and the most comprehensive instruments measure at least three of these domains. Instruments to measure QOL can be generic (eg, the Nottingham Health Profile), targeted toward specific illnesses (eg, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Lung), or be a combination of generic and targeted. Two of the most widely used examples of the combination, or hybrid, instruments are the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 Items and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy. A consequence of the increasing international collaboration in clinical trials has been the growing necessity for instruments that are valid across languages and cultures. To assure the continuing reliability and validity of QOL instruments in this regard, item response theory can be applied. Techniques such as item response theory may be used in the future to construct QOL item banks containing large sets of validated questions that represent various levels of QOL domains. As QOL becomes increasingly important in understanding and approaching the overall management of cancer patients, the tools available to clinicians and researchers to assess QOL will continue to evolve. While the instruments currently available provide reliable and valid measurement, further improvements in precision and application are anticipated.},
	keywords = {*Quality of Life, *Sickness Impact Profile, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Humans, Language, Neoplasms/*physiopathology, Questionnaires},
	author = {Cella, D. and Chang, C-H. and Lai, J. S. and Webster, K.}
}
