@article {401,
	title = {Assembling a computerized adaptive testing item pool as a set of linear tests},
	journal = {Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {81-99},
	publisher = {Sage Publications: US},
	abstract = {Test-item writing efforts typically results in item pools with an undesirable correlational structure between the content attributes of the items and their statistical information. If such pools are used in computerized adaptive testing (CAT), the algorithm may be forced to select items with less than optimal information, that violate the content constraints, and/or have unfavorable exposure rates. Although at first sight somewhat counterintuitive, it is shown that if the CAT pool is assembled as a set of linear test forms, undesirable correlations can be broken down effectively. It is proposed to assemble such pools using a mixed integer programming model with constraints that guarantee that each test meets all content specifications and an objective function that requires them to have maximal information at a well-chosen set of ability values. An empirical example with a previous master pool from the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) yielded a CAT with nearly uniform bias and mean-squared error functions for the ability estimator and item-exposure rates that satisfied the target for all items in the pool. },
	keywords = {Algorithms, computerized adaptive testing, item pool, linear tests, mathematical models, statistics, Test Construction, Test Items},
	isbn = {1076-9986 (Print)},
	author = {van der Linden, W. J. and Ariel, A. and Veldkamp, B. P.}
}
@inbook {180,
	title = {Applications of item response theory to improve health outcomes assessment: Developing item banks, linking instruments, and computer-adaptive testing},
	booktitle = {Outcomes assessment in cancer},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingOutcomes assessment in cancer: Measures, methods, and applications. (pp. 445-464). New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. xiv, 662 pp},
	pages = {445-464},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	abstract = {(From the chapter) The current chapter builds on Reise{\textquoteright}s introduction to the basic concepts, assumptions, popular models, and important features of IRT and discusses the applications of item response theory (IRT) modeling to health outcomes assessment. In particular, we highlight the critical role of IRT modeling in: developing an instrument to match a study{\textquoteright}s population; linking two or more instruments measuring similar constructs on a common metric; and creating item banks that provide the foundation for tailored short-form instruments or for computerized adaptive assessments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Computer Assisted Testing, Health, Item Response Theory, Measurement, Test Construction, Treatment Outcomes},
	author = {Hambleton, R. K.},
	editor = {C. C. Gotay and C. Snyder}
}
@article {208,
	title = {Infeasibility in automated test assembly models: A comparison study of different methods},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {223-243},
	abstract = {Several techniques exist to automatically put together a test meeting a number of specifications. In an item bank, the items are stored with their characteristics. A test is constructed by selecting a set of items that fulfills the specifications set by the test assembler. Test assembly problems are often formulated in terms of a model consisting of restrictions and an objective to be maximized or minimized. A problem arises when it is impossible to construct a test from the item pool that meets all specifications, that is, when the model is not feasible. Several methods exist to handle these infeasibility problems. In this article, test assembly models resulting from two practical testing programs were reconstructed to be infeasible. These models were analyzed using methods that forced a solution (Goal Programming, Multiple-Goal Programming, Greedy Heuristic), that analyzed the causes (Relaxed and Ordered Deletion Algorithm (RODA), Integer Randomized Deletion Algorithm (IRDA), Set Covering (SC), and Item Sampling), or that analyzed the causes and used this information to force a solution (Irreducible Infeasible Set-Solver). Specialized methods such as the IRDA and the Irreducible Infeasible Set-Solver performed best. Recommendations about the use of different methods are given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA ) (journal abstract)},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Item Content (Test), Models, Test Construction},
	author = {Huitzing, H. A. and Veldkamp, B. P. and Verschoor, A. J.}
}
@article {195,
	title = {Test construction for cognitive diagnosis},
	journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
	volume = {29},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {262-277},
	abstract = {Although cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) can be useful in the analysis and interpretation of existing tests, little has been developed to specify how one might construct a good test using aspects of the CDMs. This article discusses the derivation of a general CDM index based on Kullback-Leibler information that will serve as a measure of how informative an item is for the classification of examinees. The effectiveness of the index is examined for items calibrated using the deterministic input noisy "and" gate model (DINA) and the reparameterized unified model (RUM) by implementing a simple heuristic to construct a test from an item bank. When compared to randomly constructed tests from the same item bank, the heuristic shows significant improvement in classification rates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA ) (journal abstract)},
	keywords = {(Measurement), Cognitive Assessment, Item Analysis (Statistical), Profiles, Test Construction, Test Interpretation, Test Items},
	author = {Henson, R. K. and Douglas, J.}
}
@inbook {119,
	title = {Generating abstract reasoning items with cognitive theory},
	booktitle = {Item generation for test development},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingItem generation for test development. (pp. 219-250). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. xxxii, 412 pp},
	pages = {219-250},
	publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
	organization = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
	address = {Mahwah, N.J. USA},
	abstract = {(From the chapter) Developed and evaluated a generative system for abstract reasoning items based on cognitive theory. The cognitive design system approach was applied to generate matrix completion problems. Study 1 involved developing the cognitive theory with 191 college students who were administered Set I and Set II of the Advanced Progressive Matrices. Study 2 examined item generation by cognitive theory. Study 3 explored the psychometric properties and construct representation of abstract reasoning test items with 728 young adults. Five structurally equivalent forms of Abstract Reasoning Test (ART) items were prepared from the generated item bank and administered to the Ss. In Study 4, the nomothetic span of construct validity of the generated items was examined with 728 young adults who were administered ART items, and 217 young adults who were administered ART items and the Advanced Progressive Matrices. Results indicate the matrix completion items were effectively generated by the cognitive design system approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Cognitive Processes, Measurement, Reasoning, Test Construction, Test Items, Test Validity, Theories},
	author = {Embretson, S. E.},
	editor = {P. Kyllomen}
}
@article {378,
	title = {The development of a computerized version of Vandenberg{\textquoteright}s mental rotation test and the effect of visuo-spatial working memory loading},
	journal = {Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences},
	volume = {60},
	number = {11-A},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {3938},
	abstract = {This dissertation focused on the generation and evaluation of web-based versions of Vandenberg{\textquoteright}s Mental Rotation Test. Memory and spatial visualization theory were explored in relation to the addition of a visuo-spatial working memory component. Analysis of the data determined that there was a significant difference between scores on the MRT Computer and MRT Memory test. The addition of a visuo-spatial working memory component did significantly affect results at the .05 alpha level. Reliability and discrimination estimates were higher on the MRT Memory version. The computerization of the paper and pencil version on the MRT did not significantly effect scores but did effect the time required to complete the test. The population utilized in the quasi-experiment consisted of 107 university students from eight institutions in engineering graphics related courses. The subjects completed two researcher developed, Web-based versions of Vandenberg{\textquoteright}s Mental Rotation Test and the original paper and pencil version of the Mental Rotation Test. One version of the test included a visuo-spatial working memory loading. Significant contributions of this study included developing and evaluating computerized versions of Vandenberg{\textquoteright}s Mental Rotation Test. Previous versions of Vandenberg{\textquoteright}s Mental Rotation Test did not take advantage of the ability of the computer to incorporate an interaction factor, such as a visuo-spatial working memory loading, into the test. The addition of an interaction factor results in a more discriminate test which will lend itself well to computerized adaptive testing practices. Educators in engineering graphics related disciplines should strongly consider the use of spatial visualization tests to aid in establishing the effects of modern computer systems on fundamental design/drafting skills. Regular testing of spatial visualization skills will result assist in the creation of a more relevant curriculum. Computerized tests which are valid and reliable will assist in making this task feasible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA )},
	keywords = {Computer Assisted Testing, Mental Rotation, Short Term Memory computerized adaptive testing, Test Construction, Test Validity, Visuospatial Memory},
	author = {Strong, S. D.}
}
@article {179,
	title = {Emergence of item response modeling in instrument development and data analysis},
	journal = {Medical Care},
	volume = {38},
	number = {Suppl. 9},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {II60-II65},
	keywords = {Computer Assisted Testing, Health, Item Response Theory, Measurement, Statistical Validity computerized adaptive testing, Test Construction, Treatment Outcomes},
	author = {Hambleton, R. K.}
}
@article {409,
	title = {An integer programming approach to item bank design},
	journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {139-150},
	abstract = {An integer programming approach to item bank design is presented that can be used to calculate an optimal blueprint for an item bank, in order to support an existing testing program. The results are optimal in that they minimize the effort involved in producing the items as revealed by current item writing patterns. Also presented is an adaptation of the models, which can be used as a set of monitoring tools in item bank management. The approach is demonstrated empirically for an item bank that was designed for the Law School Admission Test. },
	keywords = {Aptitude Measures, Item Analysis (Test), Item Response Theory, Test Construction, Test Items},
	author = {van der Linden, W. J. and Veldkamp, B. P. and Reese, L. M.}
}
