01915nas a2200145   4500008003900000245007200039210006900111300001200180490000700192520146600199100002001665700001801685700002101703856004501724       2019                          d00aNonparametric CAT for CD in Educational Settings With Small Samples0 aNonparametric CAT for CD in Educational Settings With Small Samp  a543-5610 v433 aCognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT) has been suggested by researchers as a diagnostic tool for assessment and evaluation. Although model-based CD-CAT is relatively well researched in the context of large-scale assessment systems, this type of system has not received the same degree of research and development in small-scale settings, such as at the course-based level, where this system would be the most useful. The main obstacle is that the statistical estimation techniques that are successfully applied within the context of a large-scale assessment require large samples to guarantee reliable calibration of the item parameters and an accurate estimation of the examinees’ proficiency class membership. Such samples are simply not obtainable in course-based settings. Therefore, the nonparametric item selection (NPS) method that does not require any parameter calibration, and thus, can be used in small educational programs is proposed in the study. The proposed nonparametric CD-CAT uses the nonparametric classification (NPC) method to estimate an examinee’s attribute profile and based on the examinee’s item responses, the item that can best discriminate the estimated attribute profile and the other attribute profiles is then selected. The simulation results show that the NPS method outperformed the compared parametric CD-CAT algorithms and the differences were substantial when the calibration samples were small.1 aChang, Yuan-Pei1 aChiu, Chia-Yi1 aTsai, Rung-Ching  uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146621618813113