02894nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245011300055210006900168300001200237490000700249520229000256100001302546700001602559700001302575700001402588856012202602       2007                        eng d  a0962-934300aThe future of outcomes measurement: item banking, tailored short-forms, and computerized adaptive assessment0 afuture of outcomes measurement item banking tailored shortforms   a133-1410 v163 aThe use of item banks and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) begins with clear definitions of important outcomes, and references those definitions to specific questions gathered into large and well-studied pools, or “banks” of items. Items can be selected from the bank to form customized short scales, or can be administered in a sequence and length determined by a computer programmed for precision and clinical relevance. Although far from perfect, such item banks can form a common definition and understanding of human symptoms and functional problems such as fatigue, pain, depression, mobility, social function, sensory function, and many other health concepts that we can only measure by asking people directly. The support of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as witnessed by its cooperative agreement with measurement experts through the NIH Roadmap Initiative known as PROMIS (www.nihpromis.org), is a big step in that direction. Our approach to item banking and CAT is practical; as focused on application as it is on science or theory. From a practical perspective, we frequently must decide whether to re-write and retest an item, add more items to fill gaps (often at the ceiling of the measure), re-test a bank after some modifications, or split up a bank into units that are more unidimensional, yet less clinically relevant or complete. These decisions are not easy, and yet they are rarely unforgiving. We encourage people to build practical tools that are capable of producing multiple short form measures and CAT administrations from common banks, and to further our understanding of these banks with various clinical populations and ages, so that with time the scores that emerge from these many activities begin to have not only a common metric and range, but a shared meaning and understanding across users. In this paper, we provide an overview of item banking and CAT, discuss our approach to item banking and its byproducts, describe testing options, discuss an example of CAT for fatigue, and discuss models for long term sustainability of an entity such as PROMIS. Some barriers to success include limitations in the methods themselves, controversies and disagreements across approaches, and end-user reluctance to move away from the familiar. 1 aCella, D1 aGershon, RC1 aLai, J-S1 aChoi, S W  uhttp://mail.iacat.org/content/future-outcomes-measurement-item-banking-tailored-short-forms-and-computerized-adaptive02161nas a2200289   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000800210300001200218490000700230520127700237653003401514653002101548653000901569653001201578653002201590653001101612653001101623653000901634653001601643653002901659653001901688100001301707700001501720700001301735856012301748       2006                        eng d00aFactor analysis techniques for assessing sufficient unidimensionality of cancer related fatigue0 aFactor analysis techniques for assessing sufficient unidimension  cSep  a1179-900 v153 aBACKGROUND: Fatigue is the most common unrelieved symptom experienced by people with cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cancer-related fatigue (CRF) can be summarized using a single score, that is, whether CRF is sufficiently unidimensional for measurement approaches that require or assume unidimensionality. We evaluated this question using factor analysis techniques including the theory-driven bi-factor model. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty five cancer patients from the Chicago metropolitan area completed a 72-item fatigue item bank, covering a range of fatigue-related concerns including intensity, frequency and interference with physical, mental, and social activities. Dimensionality was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) techniques identified from 1 to 17 factors. The bi-factor model suggested that CRF was sufficiently unidimensional. CONCLUSIONS: CRF can be considered sufficiently unidimensional for applications that require unidimensionality. One such application, item response theory (IRT), will facilitate the development of short-form and computer-adaptive testing. This may further enable practical and accurate clinical assessment of CRF.10a*Factor Analysis, Statistical10a*Quality of Life10aAged10aChicago10aFatigue/*etiology10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aNeoplasms/*complications10aQuestionnaires1 aLai, J-S1 aCrane, P K1 aCella, D  uhttp://mail.iacat.org/content/factor-analysis-techniques-assessing-sufficient-unidimensionality-cancer-related-fatigue00573nas a2200145   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300000800227490001000235100001500245700001500260700001300275700001300288856012600301       2002                        eng d00aFeasibility and acceptability of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for fatigue monitoring in clinical practice0 aFeasibility and acceptability of computerized adaptive testing C  a1340 v11(7)1 aDavis, K M1 aChang, C-H1 aLai, J-S1 aCella, D  uhttp://mail.iacat.org/content/feasibility-and-acceptability-computerized-adaptive-testing-cat-fatigue-monitoring-clinical