Xu, X., & Douglas, J.. (2006). Computerized adaptive testing under nonparametric IRT models. Psychometrika, 71, 121-137.

Xu, X., Chang, H. - H., & Douglas, J.. (2003). A simulation study to compare CAT strategies for cognitive diagnosis. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. Chicago IL.

Xu, H., Fang, G., Chen, Y., Liu, J., & Ying, Z.. (2018). Latent Class Analysis of Recurrent Events in Problem-Solving Items. Applied Psychological Measurement, 42, 478-498. doi:10.1177/0146621617748325

Yan, D., Lewis, C., & Stocking, M.. (1998). Adaptive testing without IRT. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Diego CA.

Yan, D., Lewis, C., & Stocking, M.. (2004). Adaptive Testing With Regression Trees in the Presence of Multidimensionality. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 29, 293-316. doi:10.3102/10769986029003293

Yan, D., Lewis, C., & Stocking, M.. (2002). Adaptive testing without IRT in the presence of multidimensionality (Research Report 02-09). Princeton NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Yan, D., von Davier, A. A., & Lewis, C.. (2014). Computerized multistage testing: Theory and applications. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press.

Yang, L., & Reckase, M. D.. (2020). The Optimal Item Pool Design in Multistage Computerized Adaptive Tests With the p-Optimality Method. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80, 955-974. doi:10.1177/0013164419901292

Yang, J., Tao, J., Chang, H. - H., & Shi, N. - Z.. (2017). A Simulation Study to Compare Classification Method in Cognitive Diagnosis Computerized Adaptive Testing. In IACAT 2017 Conference. presented at the 08/2017, Niigata, Japan: Niigata Seiryo University. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/open?id=1jCL3fPZLgzIdwvEk20D-FliZ15OTUtpr

Yang, X., Poggio, J. C., & Glasnapp, D. R.. (2006). Effects of Estimation Bias on Multiple-Category Classification With an IRT-Based Adaptive Classification Procedure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 545-564. doi:10.1177/0013164405284031

Yang, J., Chang, H. - H., Tao, J., & Shi, N.. (2020). Stratified Item Selection Methods in Cognitive Diagnosis Computerized Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 44, 346-361. doi:10.1177/0146621619893783

Yao, L. (2014). Multidimensional CAT Item Selection Methods for Domain Scores and Composite Scores With Item Exposure Control and Content Constraints. Journal of Educational Measurement, 51, 18–38. doi:10.1111/jedm.12032

Yao, L., Pommerich, M., & Segall, D. O.. (2014). Using Multidimensional CAT to Administer a Short, Yet Precise, Screening Test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 38, 614-631. doi:10.1177/0146621614541514

Yao, L. (2013). Comparing the Performance of Five Multidimensional CAT Selection Procedures With Different Stopping Rules. Applied Psychological Measurement, 37, 3-23. doi:10.1177/0146621612455687

Yen, Y. C., Ho, R. G., Chen, L. J., Chou, K. Y., & Chen, Y. L.. (2010). Development and evaluation of a confidence-weighting computerized adaptive testing. Educational Technology & Society, 13(3), 163–176.

Yen, Y. - C., Ho, R. - G., Laio, W. - W., Chen, L. - J., & Kuo, C. - C.. (2012). An Empirical Evaluation of the Slip Correction in the Four Parameter Logistic Models With Computerized Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 36, 75-87. doi:10.1177/0146621611432862

Yi, Q., & Chang, H. - H.. (2000). Multiple stratification CAT designs with content control. Unpublished manuscript.

Yi, Q., Zhang, J., & Chang, H. - H.. (2005). Identifying practical indices for enhancing item pool security. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Montreal, Canada.

Yi, Q., Z. J., & Chang, H. - H.. (2006). Assessing CAT Test Security Severity. Applied Psychological Measurement, 30(1), 62–63.

Yi, Q., Harris, D. J., Wang, T., & Ban, J. - C.. (2003). Effects of test administration mode on item parameter estimates. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. Chicago IL.

Yi, Q., Widiatmo, H., Ban, J. - C., & Harris, D. J.. (2001). Impact of scoring options for not reached items in CAT. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. Seattle WA.

Yi, Q., Hanson, B., Widiatmo, H., & Harris, D. J.. (2001). Comparison of the SPRT and CMT procedures in computerized adaptive testing. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Seattle WA.

Yi, Q., Wang, T., & Wang, S.. (2003). Implementing the a-stratified method with b blocking in computerized adaptive testing with the generalized partial credit model. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago IL.

Yi, Q., & Chang, H. - H.. (2001). a-stratified CAT design with content-blocking. In Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society. King of Prussia, PA.

Yi, Q,, & Nering, M.. (1998). The impact of nonmodel-fitting responses in a realistic CAT environment. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Diego CA.

Yi, Q., & Nering, M, L.. (1998). Simulating nonmodel-fitting responses in a CAT Environment (Research Report 98-10). Iowa City IA: ACT Inc. (Also presented at National Council on Measurement in Education, 1999: ERIC No. ED 427 042).

Yi, Q. (2002). Incorporating the Sympson-Hetter exposure control method into the a-stratified method with content blocking. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. New Orleans, LA.

Yi, Q., & Chang, H. - H.. (2003). a-Stratified multistage CAT design with content-blocking. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 56, 359–378.

Yi, Q,, & Nering, M.. (1998). Nonmodel-fitting responses and robust ability estimation in a realistic CAT environment. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Diego CA.

Yigit, H. D., Sorrel, M. A., & de la Torre, J.. (2019). Computerized Adaptive Testing for Cognitively Based Multiple-Choice Data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 43, 388-401. doi:10.1177/0146621618798665

Ying, Z., & Chang, H. - H.. (1995). Recursive maximum likelihood estimation, sequential designs, and computerized adaptive testing. In Paper presented at the Eleventh Workshop on Item Response Theory. University of Twente, the Netherlands.

Ying Cheng,. (2010). Improving Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing by Balancing Attribute Coverage: The Modified Maximum Global Discrimination Index Method. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70, 902-913. doi:10.1177/0013164410366693

Ying Cheng,, Chang, H. - H., Douglas, J., & Fanmin Guo,. (2009). Constraint-Weighted a-Stratification for Computerized Adaptive Testing With Nonstatistical Constraints. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69, 35-49. doi:10.1177/0013164408322030

Ying Cheng,, Chang, H. - H., & Qing Yi,. (2007). Two-Phase Item Selection Procedure for Flexible Content Balancing in CAT. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31, 467-482. doi:10.1177/0146621606292933

Yu, L. (1985). Methods of selecting successive items in adaptive testing. In Unpublished manuscript. University of Pittsburgh.

Yuyu, L., Chenglin, Z., & Jie, R.. (2017). MHK-MST Design and the Related Simulation Study. In IACAT 2017 Conference. presented at the 08/2017, Niigata, Japan: Niigata Seiryo University.

Zara, A. (1988). Introduction to item response theory and computerized adaptive testing as applied in licensure and certification testing. National Clearinghouse of Examination Information Newsletter, 6, 11-17.

Zara, A. (1997). Administering and scoring the computerized adaptive testing. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. Chicago IL.

Zara, A. (1989). A research proposal for field testing CAT for nursing licensure examinations. In . Delegate Assembly Book of Reports 1989. Chicago: National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc.

Zara, A. (1992). A comparison of computerized adaptive and paper-and-pencil versions of the national registered nurse licensure examination. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Francisco CA.

Zara, A. (1990). A research proposal for field testing CAT for nursing licensure examinations. In . Delegate Assembly Book of Reports 1989. Chicago: National Council of State Boards of Nursing.

Zara, A., Bosma, J., & Kaplan, R.. (1987). Functional and design specifications for the National Council of State Boards of Nursing adaptive testing system. Unpublished manuscript.

Zara, A. (2011). A Paradigm for Multinational Adaptive Testing. In Annual Conference of the International Association for Computerized Adaptive Testing. presented at the 10/2011.

Zenisky, A. L. (2002). An empirical investigation of selected multi-stage testing design variables on test assembly and decision accuracy outcomes for credentialing exams (Center for Educational Assessment Research Report No 469). Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, School of Education.

Zenisky, A. L. (2004). Evaluating the effects of several multi-stage testing design variables on selected psychometric outcomes for certification and licensure assessment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Zenisky, A. L. (1999). Current and future research in multi-stage testing (Research Report No 370). Amherst MA: University of Massachusetts, Laboratory of Pychometric and Evaluative Research.

Zenisky, A. L., Hambleton, R. K., & Luecht, R. M.. (2010). Multistage Testing: Issues, Designs, and Research. In Elements of Adaptive Testing (pp. 355-372). doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85461-8

Zenisky, A. L., & Hambleton, R. K.. (2004). Investigating the effects of selected multi-stage test design alternatives on credentialing outcomes. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Diego CA.

Zhang, J. (2014). A Sequential Procedure for Detecting Compromised Items in the Item Pool of a CAT System. Applied Psychological Measurement, 38, 87-104. doi:10.1177/0146621613510062

Zhang, J., & Chang, H.. (2005). The effectiveness of using multiple item pools in computerized adaptive testing. In Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education . presented at the 04/2005, Montreal, Canada.

Zhang, J., & Lu, T.. (2003). Evaluating computer-based test security by generalized item overlap rates. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago IL.

Zhang, J., & Li, J.. (2016). Monitoring Items in Real Time to Enhance CAT Security. Journal of Educational Measurement, 53, 131–151. doi:10.1111/jedm.12104

Zhao, J. C. (1999). The robustness of the unidimensional 3PL IRT model when applied to two-dimensional data in computerized adaptive testing. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Albany.

Zhao, J. C., McMorris, R. F., Pruzek, R. M., & Chen, R.. (2002). The robustness of the unidimensional 3PL IRT model when applied to two-dimensional data in computerized adaptive testing. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. New Orleans LA.

Zheng, Y. (2016). Online Calibration of Polytomous Items Under the Generalized Partial Credit Model. Applied Psychological Measurement, 40, 434-450. doi:10.1177/0146621616650406

Zheng, C., & Wang, C.. (2017). Application of Binary Searching for Item Exposure Control in Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 41, 561-576. doi:10.1177/0146621617707509

Zheng, Y., & Chang, H. - H.. (2015). On-the-Fly Assembled Multistage Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 39, 104-118. doi:10.1177/0146621614544519

Zheng, C., & Chang, H. - H.. (2016). High-Efficiency Response Distribution–Based Item Selection Algorithms for Short-Length Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 40, 608-624. doi:10.1177/0146621616665196

Zheng, C., He, G., & Gao, C.. (2017). The Information Product Methods: A Unified Approach to Dual-Purpose Computerized Adaptive Testing. Applied Psychological MeasurementApplied Psychological Measurement, 42(4), 321 - 324. presented at the 2018/06/01. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621617730392

Zhou, J., Gierl, M. J., & Cui, Y.. (2007). Computerized attribute-adaptive testing: A new computerized adaptive testing approach incorporating cognitive psychology. In . D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2007 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing.